The expense for the year = Options granted × Option price on grant date/6-year service period, but only for half the year (1 July to 31 December).
The expense for the year = 872,000 × £0.390/6 × 0.5 = £28,340
The Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) loss consists of actuarial gains and losses and the net return on plan asset
The underwriting expense ratio is an indicator of the efficiency of money spent on obtaining new premiums. The underwriting loss ratio is an indicator of the quality of a company’s underwriting activities—the degree of success an underwriter has achieved in estimating the risks insured.
The combined ratio, a measure of the overall underwriting profitability and efficiency of an underwriting operation, is the sum of these two ratios.
A combined ratio of less than 100% is considered efficient; a combined ratio greater than 100% indicates an underwriting loss.
Ratios involving:
Effect on financial statement and ratios under the current rate method
Only income statement items
すべての収入および費用は、その年の平均レートで換算されています。したがって、営業利益率など損益計算書の数値のみを含む比率は、換算による影響を受けません。
Balance sheet items (other than equity)
すべての資産および負債は、決算日レートで換算されます。したがって、流動比率のような資産・負債の数値のみを対象とする比率は、すべて換算の影響を受けません。
Both income statement and balance sheet items
2つの財務諸表は異なるレートで為替変換されているため、固定資産回転率（売上高/固定資産）は、偶然にも平均レートが決算レートと同じにならない限り、変換の前と後で同じ結果を提供することはほとんどありません。
Under IFRS 9, FVPL and FVOCI securities are carried at market value, whereas amortized cost securities are carried at historical cost.
Under IFRS, SPEs must be consolidated if they are conducted for the benefit of the sponsoring entity. Further, under IFRS, SPEs cannot be classified as qualifying. Under US GAAP, qualifying SPEs (a classification which has been eliminated) do not have to be consolidated.
PL計上
Under IFRS,
periodic pension cost= the service cost (composed of current service and past service costs)+ the net interest expense or income
Under US GAAP
periodic pension cost=current service cost+the interest expense-expected return on plan assets+Amortization of past service costs
the current rate method must be used and all gains or losses from translation are reported as a cumulative translation adjustment to shareholder equity. When the foreign currency decreases in value (weakens), the current rate method results in a negative translation adjustment in stockholders’ equity.
under the temporal method, is reported in net income.
Under US GAAP, any past service costs will be reported in other comprehensive income and are amortized on the profit and loss statement over the average service lives of the employees. Under IFRS, the past service costs are recogniz
The yield on high quality corporate bonds is the appropriate discount rate that should be used to calculate the present value of the future benefits because it represents the rate at which the defined-benefit obligation could be effectively settled.
Conceptually speaking, only the current service cost component is considered an operating expense. Atlantic’s 2017 current service cost is $1,151. Both the interest expense and asset returns components of pension expense are non-operating.
